Diamond is a covalent solid and diamond is an allotropic form of Carbon.Diamond has tetrahedral structure.
In Carbon atom,there are four electrons in the valence shell in four atomic orbitals.Each carbon atom undergo sp3 hybridization to produce four sp3 hybrid orbitals.These hybrid orbitals are directed in space at corner of tetrahedron.
The Tetrahedron unit cell of diamond is show below.A large number of such units combine through sp3 - sp3 overlapping to form a huge structure of diamond.Each Carbon atom is further attached with four other carbon atoms through covalent bonds forming three dimensional network having bond angle of 109.5' and bond lengths 154 pm.
Therefore,the whole lattice is continuous.Due to Carbon-Carbon Covalent bonds,the whole diamond crystal acts as huge or giant three-dimensional carbon molecule.This is also known as macro-molecule.The overall diamond structure appears to be face centered.
This Strong C-C bonding is reason that Diamond is the Hardest material in the World.It is used to Drill in rocks where any other metal/iron drill fails.Due to this Strong Carbon to carbon covalant bond in Diamond structure its melting point is very high and cannot be achieved about 4000K.
In Carbon atom,there are four electrons in the valence shell in four atomic orbitals.Each carbon atom undergo sp3 hybridization to produce four sp3 hybrid orbitals.These hybrid orbitals are directed in space at corner of tetrahedron.
The Tetrahedron unit cell of diamond is show below.A large number of such units combine through sp3 - sp3 overlapping to form a huge structure of diamond.Each Carbon atom is further attached with four other carbon atoms through covalent bonds forming three dimensional network having bond angle of 109.5' and bond lengths 154 pm.
Therefore,the whole lattice is continuous.Due to Carbon-Carbon Covalent bonds,the whole diamond crystal acts as huge or giant three-dimensional carbon molecule.This is also known as macro-molecule.The overall diamond structure appears to be face centered.
This Strong C-C bonding is reason that Diamond is the Hardest material in the World.It is used to Drill in rocks where any other metal/iron drill fails.Due to this Strong Carbon to carbon covalant bond in Diamond structure its melting point is very high and cannot be achieved about 4000K.
Diamond Structure
Reviewed by M.Zulqarnain
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Reviewed by M.Zulqarnain
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